Final answer:
Jewish people were forced to leave or were murdered in Western Europe during the Holocaust primarily due to anti-Semitic violence. They faced ghettos, mass shootings, and extermination camps as part of the Nazis' 'Final Solution.'
Step-by-step explanation:
Thousands of Jewish people were murdered or forced to leave Western Europe predominantly due to anti-Semitic violence. The Holocaust was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its allies and collaborators. The Nazis, who came to power in Germany in January 1933, believed that Germans were "racially superior" and that Jews, deemed "inferior," were an alien threat to the so-called German racial community.
During the era of the Holocaust, German authorities also targeted other groups because of their perceived racial and biological inferiority: Roma (Gypsies), people with disabilities, some of the Slavic peoples (Poles, Russians, and others), Communist, Socialist, Jehovah's Witnesses, and homosexuals. Jewish people suffered from various brutal discriminatory measures leading to ghettos, mass shootings, and the establishment of extermination camps. The Final Solution was the Nazi plan for the genocide of Jews, which resulted in the most lethal phase of the Holocaust with the introduction of extermination camps.
As to the question regarding why Jewish people fled the Russian Empire in the late nineteenth century, the correct answer is (b) anti-Semitic violence. This violence included pogroms, which were violent riots aimed at the massacre or expulsion of Jews. The repressive measures in Russia and Eastern Europe alongside the Holocaust have had a lasting impact on the global Jewish community, leading to significant Jewish populations in places like the United States and establishing Israel as a Jewish homeland.