Final answer:
The treatment for stable angina that does not respond to optimal medical therapy includes lifestyle changes, medical treatment with drugs, and possibly angioplasty with stenting or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for refractory cases.
Step-by-step explanation:
Treatment of Stable Angina Refractory to Optimal Medical Therapy
Treatment for stable angina that is not responding to medical therapy includes several steps. First, lifestyle changes such as weight loss, quitting smoking, and regular exercise are essential. A heart-healthy diet low in sodium and saturated fats is also recommended. If lifestyle modifications are insufficient, medical treatment with drugs like cholesterol-lowering medications, beta-blockers, nitroglycerin, and calcium channel blockers is considered. For those with refractory stable angina, more invasive procedures such as angioplasty and coronary stent placement, or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) might be necessary.
Coronary interventions like angioplasty and stenting are minimally invasive procedures designed to open narrowed coronary arteries and improve blood flow. These interventions, along with medication, can help manage angina symptoms effectively. However, when angina is refractory and severely limits daily activities or causes life-threatening complications, CABG becomes a suitable option.