Final answer:
Loop diuretics inhibit the reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- ions in the nephron, leading to increased urination. Furosemide is an example of a loop diuretic with increased bioavailability and a long half-life.
Step-by-step explanation:
Loop diuretics are a type of medication used to treat hypertension. These drugs work by inhibiting the reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- ions in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle in the nephron. One of the side effects of loop diuretics is increased urination.
This happens because by blocking the reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions, loop diuretics prevent the kidneys from properly concentrating urine. As a result, more water remains in the urine and is eliminated from the body, leading to greater urine output.
An example of a loop diuretic with increased bioavailability and a long half-life is Furosemide.