Final answer:
The late complications of ostium primum ASD include pulmonary arterial hypertension, atrial arrhythmias, and right heart failure.
Step-by-step explanation:
One of the late complications of ostium primum ASD (atrial septal defect) is pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). PAH occurs when increased blood flow to the lungs due to the ASD causes the blood vessels in the lungs to narrow and become thickened. This increases the pressure in the pulmonary arteries, leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling in the legs and ankles.
Another late complication is the development of atrial arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation. The abnormal flow of blood through the defect can disrupt the electrical signals in the heart, leading to irregular heart rhythms.
In some cases, the ASD can also lead to right heart failure, where the right side of the heart becomes weak and unable to efficiently pump blood to the lungs.