Final answer:
First-degree relatives of patients with bicuspid aortic valve should be screened for bicuspid aortic valve and atherosclerosis. Preventive measures and treatments like lifestyle modifications, medication, and possibly surgeries such as coronary bypass and angioplasty may be necessary depending on the severity of atherosclerosis.
Step-by-step explanation:
First-degree relatives of patients with bicuspid aortic valve should undergo regular medical screenings and possibly imaging studies to assess for the presence of a bicuspid aortic valve or underlying atherosclerosis. This is important due to the increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke in these individuals. For those with significant atherosclerosis, lifestyle modifications and medical interventions are critical. These include weight loss, smoking cessation, and the adoption of a diet low in sodium and saturated fats.
In some cases, coronary bypass surgery might be indicated. This surgery involves grafting a vessel from another part of the body to bypass the blocked artery, offering relief for patients experiencing an MI. Additionally, angioplasty with stent placement, endarterectomy, and lifestyle changes paired with medications to manage blood pressure, cholesterol, and reduce clotting risk are part of a comprehensive treatment strategy for atherosclerosis.