Final answer:
Diabetes insipidus is a hormonal disorder resulting from insufficient ADH production or ADH receptor mutations, leading to excessive urine output and thirst. It differs from diabetes mellitus, which involves insulin and blood sugar levels. Without treatment, it may cause dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.
Step-by-step explanation:
Diabetes insipidus is a condition caused by inadequate production of the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or by a mutation in the ADH receptor, which leads to an inability of the kidneys to conserve water. The consequence is the production of large amounts of dilute urine (polyuria) and increased thirst (polydipsia), compelling the individual to drink and urinate frequently. Normal urine excretion is about 1500 ml/day, but in diabetes insipidus, it can rise up to 6 to 20 liters per day.
This condition can be managed, but if left untreated, severe cases can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Factors such as alcohol consumption can further inhibit the secretion of ADH, worsening the condition. Diabetes insipidus is different from diabetes mellitus, which is related to insulin deficiency and high blood sugar levels. This leads to increased thirst and excessive urination, which can result in dehydration and electrolyte imbalances in severe cases.