Final answer:
The effective range of an SMAW with open sights is influenced by gravity, muzzle velocity, and air resistance, with a larger muzzle velocity providing a flatter trajectory and air resistance contributing to the bullet's drop over distance.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question pertains to the effective range of an SMAW (Shoulder-launched Multipurpose Assault Weapon) with open sights. It involves calculating bullet trajectory and includes concepts such as gravity's effect on a projectile, muzzle velocity, and air resistance.
(a) When a gun is sighted to hit targets at a distance of 100 m, if aimed directly at a 150 m target, the bullet will fall below the target due to gravity. Without the exact trajectory calculation, the precise distance cannot be given, but the bullet will hit lower on a 150 m target than on a 100 m target.
(b) A larger muzzle velocity would result in a flatter trajectory since the bullet would reach the target faster and gravity would have less time to affect it. Air resistance slows the bullet down over time, making it drop more than it would in a vacuum. This means that at longer ranges, air resistance becomes a more significant factor in where the bullet will hit.