Final answer:
Cardiac effusion and tamponade are conditions characterized by the accumulation of excess fluid within the pericardial cavity, which can lead to serious complications if not treated. Risk factors for these conditions include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, depression, and excessive alcohol. Treatment involves draining the excess fluid from the pericardial cavity to relieve the pressure on the heart.
Step-by-step explanation:
Risk Factors for Cardiac Effusion and Tamponade
Risk factors for cardiac effusion and tamponade include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, depression, and excessive alcohol.
Cardiac Tamponade and Its Causes
Cardiac tamponade occurs when excess fluid, usually blood, accumulates within the pericardial cavity. This fluid puts pressure on the heart, preventing it from fully relaxing and filling with blood. Causes of cardiac tamponade include myocardial rupture, pericarditis, cancer, cardiac surgery, and clot formation after surgery.
Treatments and Complications
Treatment for cardiac tamponade involves draining the excess fluid from the pericardial cavity. If left untreated, cardiac tamponade can lead to death. Complications of untreated cardiac tamponade include decreased blood flow from the heart, decreased preload, and compromised gas exchange in the lungs.