Final answer:
Contraindications for percutaneous balloon mitral commissurotomy to treat mitral stenosis include severe mitral regurgitation, presence of blood clots, mitral valve calcification, and inability to access the mitral valve.
Step-by-step explanation:
Contraindications for percutaneous balloon mitral commissurotomy to treat mitral stenosis include:
- Severe mitral regurgitation: If the patient has severe leakage of blood back into the left atrium through the mitral valve, balloon mitral commissurotomy may not be effective.
- Presence of blood clots: If there is a risk of dislodging blood clots during the procedure, it may be contraindicated.
- Mitral valve calcification: If the mitral valve is heavily calcified, it may impede the successful dilation of the valve.
- Inability to access the mitral valve: If the specialized catheter cannot be safely inserted into the superficial vessel to reach the site of the occlusion, the procedure may be contraindicated.