Final answer:
HFpEF is a type of heart failure where signs and symptoms of heart failure are present, but the echocardiogram reveals a normal or preserved ejection fraction. Diagnosis involves clinical evaluation, medical history, physical examination, and tests such as echocardiogram and blood tests.
Step-by-step explanation:
HFpEF stands for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. It is a type of heart failure where the signs and symptoms of heart failure are present, but the echocardiogram reveals a normal or preserved ejection fraction.
The ejection fraction is a measurement of the amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction. In HFpEF, the ejection fraction is typically 50% or higher, which is considered normal.
Diagnosing HFpEF requires clinical evaluation, including a thorough medical history, physical examination, and other tests. These may include blood tests, electrocardiogram (ECG), stress tests, and imaging tests such as echocardiogram or cardiac MRI. The diagnosis is based on the presence of symptoms of heart failure, normal or preserved ejection fraction, and additional evidence of heart dysfunction.