Final answer:
The humerus has important landmarks such as the head, anatomical neck, greater and lesser tubercles, intertubercular groove, surgical neck, and deltoid tuberosity. Muscles that insert on the humerus include the pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres major, teres minor, and coracobrachialis.
Step-by-step explanation:
The humerus is the bone of the upper arm and has several important landmarks. The head of the humerus is the large, round, smooth region that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the shoulder joint. The anatomical neck of the humerus is the margin of the smooth area of the head. The greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus serve as attachment sites for muscles that act across the shoulder joint. The intertubercular groove or bicipital groove provides passage for a tendon of the biceps brachii muscle. The surgical neck is a common site of arm fractures, and the deltoid tuberosity is the site of attachment for the deltoid muscle.
There are also several muscles that insert on the humerus. The pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi are axial muscles that cross the shoulder joint and move the humerus. The subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres major, teres minor, and coracobrachialis are scapular muscles that also move the humerus in various ways.