Question

Which clinical manifestations of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are caused by increased pulmonary capillary permeability during the initial phase of ARDS? Select all that apply.

A. Crackles
B. Tracheal deviation
C. Intercostal retractions
D. Decreasing oxygen saturation
E. Hyperresonance to percussion

Answer 1

Increased pulmonary capillary permeability in ARDS leads to crackles, intercostal retractions, and decreasing oxygen saturation, which are indicative of restrictive lung disease and impaired gas exchange.

Step-by-step explanation:

The clinical manifestations of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) that are caused by increased pulmonary capillary permeability during the initial phase of ARDS include A. Crackles, C. Intercostal retractions, and D. Decreasing oxygen saturation.

• Crackles occur due to the movement of air through the fluid-filled alveoli.
• Intercostal retractions happen when the chest wall moves inward during inhaling as a consequence of increased effort to breathe against the partial collapse of the lung tissue.
• Decreasing oxygen saturation reflects the impairment in gas exchange as the alveoli fill with fluid, leading to poor oxygenation of blood.

These symptoms are indicative of the lung's reduced ability to inflate and exchange gases properly which are typical characteristics seen in restrictive diseases such as ARDS.