Question

Which pathophysiologic process results in surfactant dysfunction during the injury phase of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?

A. Decrease in gas exchange capability
B. Damage to alveolar type I and II cells
C. Engorgement of the peribronchial space
D. Ventilation to perfusion (V/Q) mismatch

Answer 1

Surfactant dysfunction in ARDS is caused by damage to alveolar type I and II cells, which impairs surfactant production leading to decreased lung compliance.

Step-by-step explanation:

The pathophysiologic process that results in surfactant dysfunction during the injury phase of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is B. Damage to alveolar type I and II cells. Surfactant, which is essential for reducing surface tension within the alveoli and preventing their collapse, is primarily produced by type II alveolar cells. When ARDS occurs, an initial injury leads to inflammation and damage of the alveolar cells. This damage impairs surfactant production, thus leading to decreased lung compliance and significant difficulty in breathing.