Final answer:
Infants or children with suspected lung tissue disease, such as Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS), are considered for non-invasive respiratory support by using BiPAP or CPAP devices. These devices aid in breathing by maintaining airway pressure or assisting during inhalation and exhalation. CPAP and BiPAP support, along with other treatments like pulmonary surfactant, have significantly improved the prognosis for premature infants.
Step-by-step explanation:
Consideration for non-invasive respiratory support through devices such as BiPAP or CPAP is indicated for infants or children with suspected lung tissue disease, such as Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS). Medical advancements have improved treatment outcomes for conditions like RDS, which predominantly affects premature infants due to insufficient production of pulmonary surfactant. Treatments at delivery may involve resuscitation and intubation, with severely affected infants requiring mechanical ventilation. Where spontaneous breathing is present, application of nasal CPAP might be required, which maintains airway pressure and helps keep the lungs open.
Pulmonary surfactant therapy has significantly reduced RDS mortality by 50 percent. If infants show spontaneous respiration, less invasive support like CPAP or BiPAP is considered. CPAP provides continuous positive pressure to support the airways during the entire breathing cycle, while BiPAP offers different pressures for inhalation and exhalation, and is considered for different types or severities of respiratory failure.
Additional supportive treatments for RDS may include corticosteroids, supplemental oxygen, temperature regulation, nutritional support, and administration of antibiotics for infection prevention. Such comprehensive care greatly enhances the survival and long-term outcomes for these vulnerable infants.