Final answer:
ET tube drug administration during resuscitative efforts for PEDS patients is a critical strategy when IV access is not available. Specific drugs like epinephrine can be administered through the ET tube, following guidelines unique to ET administration. The use of such strategies alongside pulmonary surfactant therapy has greatly improved outcomes in infants with RDS.
Step-by-step explanation:
The administration of drugs through an ET tube during resuscitative efforts for PEDS patients is an aspect of emergency medical care when intravenous access is not immediately available. In such cases, certain medications can be administered directly into the endotracheal tube. This includes medications like epinephrine, atropine, lidocaine, and naloxone, which are often used in resuscitative scenarios. However, it is critical to follow the proper guidelines for dosage and dilution specific to endotracheal administration, as they differ from intravenous dosages. The drugs are usually diluted in a small volume of sterile water or saline and injected directly into the ET tube followed by several positive pressure ventilations to ensure delivery into the lungs.
Resuscitative measures for infants, especially those with RDS (respiratory distress syndrome), may involve mechanical ventilation or less invasive support such as CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure). Thankfully, the introduction of pulmonary surfactant therapy has significantly reduced the death rate by 50 percent for infants suffering from RDS. Alongside, supportive therapies including temperature regulation, nutritional support, and antibiotics are paramount in the care of the premature infant.