Final answer:
A hematoma can result from a venipuncture procedure if the blood vessel is injured, allowing leaking blood to accumulate. Factors like the needle passing through the vein or poor needle placement at a shallow angle can contribute to hematoma formation. Proper phlebotomy technique and needle handling are crucial in preventing this complication.
Step-by-step explanation:
A hematoma during a venipuncture procedure can occur if injury to the blood vessel wall allows blood and its components to leak and accumulate under the skin. In this scenario, where slow blood flow and needle alignment at a 15-degree angle were mentioned, the cause of the hematoma could potentially be the needle puncturing completely through the vein, resulting in blood accumulating in the tissue surrounding the puncture site. Additionally, the shallow angle could mean that the needle did not adequately enter the lumen of the vein, causing blood to seep out through the initial entry point.
Another factor that could contribute to the formation of a hematoma is improper technique or excessive movement of the needle once inserted into the vein. The phlebotomist must stabilize the vein and insert the needle with precision to reduce the risk of vascular injury and subsequent hematoma.
Maintaining a proper angle and assuring the needle is secure and correctly placed are essential skills for phlebotomists to minimize the chance of complications such as hematomas. The process of phlebotomy requires careful attention to the patient's anatomy, the equipment being used, and the technique to ensure a safe and successful blood draw.