Final answer:
Cough medicine with low levels of codeine is classified under over-the-counter medications. However, its effectiveness is questionable and there are safety concerns, especially for children. Such medications should be used cautiously and under medical guidance.
Step-by-step explanation:
You will find cough medicine containing low levels of codeine classified under over-the-counter (OTC) medications. Codeine is an opioid that was once considered the "gold standard" in cough suppressants. However, this view has changed due to concerns about its effectiveness and the risks of side effects, particularly in children.
Given that codeine does have abuse potential and the fact that the efficacy of cough medication itself is questionable, it's important to use such medication under the guidance of a healthcare provider. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has cautioned against the use of codeine-containing cough syrup in children due to the risk of breathing problems. Hydrocodone, another opioid, is sometimes prescribed for relief of cough, but it also falls under careful scrutiny due to the possibility of adverse effects.
Despite the availability of these substances, it's vital to assess the need for medication and consider non-pharmacological options, due to the potential for side effects and the lack of evidence supporting the effectiveness of many OTC cough remedies for certain conditions.