Final answer:
Atherosclerosis begins with the accumulation of LDLs in the endothelial cells of arterial walls, causing inflammation and subsequent plaque formation. Risk factors include high cholesterol, hypertension, and diabetes. The progression of atherosclerosis can lead to serious cardiovascular events like heart attacks and strokes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The initial step in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is thought to be the accumulation of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) within the endothelial cells of arterial walls. This accumulation leads to inflammation which then attracts white blood cells and contributes to the formation of a plaque. The following factors contribute to the process: hypertension, high cholesterol, especially LDL cholesterol, diabetes, and smoking. Atherosclerosis often begins in late childhood, with most major arteries being affected over time. The condition poses a significant threat to health when it blocks blood flow to critical areas, potentially causing heart attacks or strokes.