Final answer:
Propofol is the most commonly used IV anesthetic for both the induction and maintenance of anesthesia. It is favored for its fast action and reliability. Etomidate, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, and ketamine are other IV anesthetics used depending on the situation, with benzodiazepines sometimes used in combination with other anesthetics.
Step-by-step explanation:
The intravenous (IV) anesthetic commonly used for both induction and maintenance anesthesia is Propofol. Injectable anesthetics like Propofol are preferred by anesthetists due to their rapid onset and reliable effects compared to intramuscular or subcutaneous injections. Other IV anesthetics that may be used in various contexts include etomidate, barbiturates such as methohexital and thiopentone, benzodiazepines like midazolam, and ketamine. The choice of anesthetic can depend on the clinical situation, patient factors, and the preference of the anesthesiologist.
Benzodiazepines and other general anesthetics may be used in combination to achieve the desired sedative and anesthetic effects. The mode of administration for these drugs can vary widely, although IV injection is commonly used for quick onset. In many cases, an injection is given to induce anesthesia quickly, and a gaseous form, such as desflurane, isoflurane, or sevoflurane, is used to maintain it throughout the surgical procedure.
Local anesthetics are different in that they cause a reversible loss of sensation in a specific area without affecting overall consciousness. These are often used for minor procedures or to provide local pain relief.