Final answer:
The question deals with the Doppler effect, which is a change in frequency of a wave in relation to an observer moving relative to the wave source. It also grazes on beat frequency, amplitude, and intensity regarding sound perception.
Step-by-step explanation:
Doppler Effect and Beat Frequency
The question seems to pertain to the physics concept of the Doppler effect and beat frequency. It references various scenarios involving sound sources such as car horns and musical instruments, asking for calculations based on these phenomena. Examples include determining the speed of a car or musician approaching a listener based on the shift in frequency of the sound heard (Doppler effect), or finding the beat frequency produced by two car horns emitting slightly different frequencies.
For instance, if a car horn emits a true frequency of 200 Hz, and according to the Doppler effect plot you might have to calculate how fast the car is traveling. On the other hand, if two horns emit frequencies of 263.8 Hz and 264.5 Hz, respectively, the beat frequency is calculated as the difference between the two, resulting in 0.7 Hz.
Loudness, amplitude, and intensity are also discussed in regard to how they affect our perception of sound. Loudness is related to the amplitude and intensity of the sound waves. Higher frequency usually does not correspond to greater loudness; it is the amplitude that is the critical factor affecting loudness. However, intensity is proportional to the square of the amplitude of the sound wave.