Final answer:
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects the basal ganglia, leading to the breakdown of dopamine-producing cells which causes symptoms such as tremors and slow movement. Diagnosis is made through medical history and neurological exams, with treatment focusing on symptom management.
Step-by-step explanation:
The disease that causes a nervous system disorder characterized by the breakdown of cells that produce dopamine in the basal ganglia is known as Parkinson's disease. This neurodegenerative condition leads to various symptoms including tremors, stiffness, slow movement, and imbalance. Parkinson's disease occurs when the dopamine-producing neurons in the brain progressively deteriorate or die, which impairs the ability to control body movements smoothly.
The signs and symptoms of Parkinson's disease can vary, starting off mild and worsening over time. These include tremors, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), limb rigidity, and postural instability. Diagnosis is typically based on medical history, a neurological examination, and the symptoms presented.
Treatment options for Parkinson's disease usually involve medication to manage symptoms, since there is currently no cure. The medications aim to increase dopamine levels in the brain or to mimic its effects. Physical therapy and regular exercise can also help mitigate symptoms and improve the quality of life for those affected by Parkinson's disease.