Final answer:
Bone marrow sampling and transplants involve removing a core of red bone marrow through a painful procedure using a large needle near the pelvic bones. These procedures are used in the diagnosis and treatment of severe anemia and certain types of cancer, such as leukemia.
Step-by-step explanation:
Bone marrow sampling and transplants are medical procedures used to diagnose and treat certain severe forms of anemia and types of cancer, including leukemia. The procedure involves removing a core of red bone marrow using a large needle, typically inserted near the iliac crest of the pelvic bones. This location is chosen because it is easily accessible and isolated from vital organs. However, the procedure can be painful. Bone marrow transplants are often performed to replace diseased marrow with healthy bone marrow, usually obtained from a compatible donor.