Final answer:
Myeloid stem cells in the red bone marrow differentiate to form erythrocytes, megakaryocytes producing platelets, monocytes, and granular leukocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils), while monocytes can further mature into macrophages.
Step-by-step explanation:
Formation of Blood Components
The process through which different blood elements are formed is known as hemopoiesis. This process begins in the red bone marrow with hematopoietic stem cells differentiating into myeloid and lymphoid lineages. Specifically, myeloid stem cells are a type of hemopoietic stem cell that gives rise to several blood components. These include erythrocytes (or red blood cells), megakaryocytes that produce platelets, and a myeloblast lineage, which further differentiates into monocytes and three forms of granular leukocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. Additionally, monocytes can mature into macrophages, which play a vital role in phagocytosis.
Thus, myeloid stem cells are integral in the continuous replenishment of blood's formed elements due to the relatively short lifespan of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets. The differentiation and proliferation of these cells are influenced by various hemopoietic growth factors like erythropoietin, thrombopoietin, and colony-stimulating factors, which include granulocyte CSFs for the granular leukocytes and monocyte CSFs for monocytes.