Final answer:
For a person with diabetes mellitus, expected results include the overproduction of ketone bodies leading to ketoacidosis and ketonuria, presence of glucose in the urine, and potential damage to organs from prolonged high blood sugar levels.
Step-by-step explanation:
In diabetes mellitus, where there is either insufficient insulin production or a resistance to insulin function, several biochemical changes occur. One of the critical changes is the increased utilization of fats and amino acids for energy, due to the inability of glucose to enter cells. This shift in metabolism leads to the overproduction of ketone bodies and the condition of ketoacidosis, characterized by a lower pH in plasma, and the presence of ketone bodies in the urine, also known as ketonuria. Additionally, the high blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia) can result in the presence of glucose in the urine (glucosuria), and potentially diabetic nephropathy, indicated by the presence of proteins such as albumin in the urine. Over time, such chronic high blood sugar can lead to damage to various organs and systems in the body, intensifying the need for careful management of the condition.