Final answer:
Paronychia is mainly caused by bacteria, but can also be a fungal infection triggered by dermatophytes or Candida species, particularly in warm, moist environments. Dermatophytes break down keratin, leading to the infection. Treatment involves the use of antifungal creams or, in more persistent cases, oral medications.
Step-by-step explanation:
The main cause of paronychia, which is an infection of the nail folds of the fingers or toes, is most frequently caused by bacteria. However, it can also be a fungal infection. Fungal paronychia is commonly caused by a group of fungi called dermatophytes. Dermatophytes thrive in warm, moist environments, and are responsible for various skin conditions, including athlete's foot, ringworm, and jock itch. These fungi can infect the nail area when there is a break in the skin or through direct contact with the fungus in environments such as communal showers.
Fungal infections are often associated with dermatophytes that secrete extracellular enzymes to break down keratin, the protein found in hair, skin, and nails, leading to infections. In addition to dermatophytes, yeast infections, particularly those caused by Candida species, can lead to conditions such as candidiasis, which can manifest as paronychia. Preventative measures include keeping the nails dry and clean and avoiding prolonged exposure to moist environments that increase the risk of fungal growth.
Treatment for fungal paronychia typically involves topical antifungal creams or powders, and for more persistent cases, prescription oral medications may be required.