Final answer:
A vascular disorder, particularly a stroke, is caused by an interruption in blood flow to the brain, leading to possible paralysis and cognitive function loss.
Step-by-step explanation:
The disorder caused by an interruption in the flow of blood to the brain, often resulting in noticeable loss in cognitive functioning, is a vascular disorder. Specifically, this condition is known as a stroke or cerebrovascular accident (CVA).
When a blood clot or other blockage restricts blood flow to an area of the brain, the brain cells in that region can quickly die due to a lack of oxygen, leading to potential paralysis and loss of other normal brain functions. This is also why strokes can result in issues like impaired speech, vision problems, and severe or limited memory loss.