Final answer:
Article III of the US Constitution does not specify formal qualifications for federal judges, only that they serve during good behavior, typically for life. Presidents nominate candidates who are then confirmed by the Senate, ensuring independence from political pressure. Most federal judges have law degrees and prior legal experience.
Step-by-step explanation:
The formal requirements of serving as a federal court judge, according to Article III of the US Constitution, are quite broad. It does not specify any particular qualifications like age, education, or profession. Instead, it states that federal judges and justices shall hold their offices during good behavior, which is typically interpreted to mean they serve for life unless they resign, retire, are impeached, or pass away. The President nominates federal judges, and they must be confirmed by the Senate. This process, along with the life tenure, ensures judicial independence, which allows federal judges to rule free from undue political pressure.
While not constitutionally mandated, all current federal judges have law degrees, and most Supreme Court justices have prior experience as federal judges. Additionally, Section 2 of Article III outlines the jurisdiction of the federal courts, ensuring they have the power to hear various types of cases. Overall, judges and justices play a crucial role in the U.S. judicial system, with their appointments being a matter of significant importance and often public interest.