Final answer:
PEEP, used in mechanical ventilation to keep alveoli open, can lead to overdistention and increase the risk of a pneumothorax (collapsed lung).
Step-by-step explanation:
The causes of pneumothorax (PTX) due to mechanical ventilation can be understood in the context of the pressures involved in pulmonary ventilation. Positive End-Expiratory Pressure, commonly known as PEEP, is a mode of therapy used during mechanical ventilation where after a mechanical breath is delivered, a certain level of pressure is maintained in the lungs to keep the alveoli open and improve gas exchange. PEEP can contribute to the risk of PTX in mechanically ventilated patients, as it may lead to alveolar overdistention and rupture, potentially resulting in a pneumothorax.