Final answer:
Hemoconcentration can be caused by prolonged tourniquet application, potentially altered by intravenous therapy, affected by excessive probing during blood collection, and is not directly related to failure to clench the fist. Conditions such as thrombocytosis and thrombophilia are also associated with changes in blood component levels. Understanding these conditions is essential for accurate blood sample collection and interpretation of lab results.
Step-by-step explanation:
Hemoconcentration can occur from a variety of causes, including prolonged tourniquet application, which leads to the pooling of blood and an increase in the concentration of cells and other components of blood due to reduced plasma volume. Intravenous therapy can dilute blood components if excessive IV fluids are given, while excessive probing during a blood draw can cause tissue fluid to be introduced into the sample, diluting the blood and thereby affecting the concentration. Failure to clench the fist properly during venipuncture might not contribute directly to hemoconcentration but can lead to difficulty in drawing blood and may pose other issues with the collection process.
Blood disorders such as thrombocytosis and thrombophilia involve the excessive production of platelets or a tendency towards excessive clot formation, which may also impact blood concentration and are assessed through various laboratory tests that can be altered by improper blood collection techniques. Other conditions related to blood clots and hemostasis include hemorrhage or excessive bleeding, hemosiderin accumulation, and disorders like thrombocytopenia which lead to inadequate clot formation.
Excessive loss of blood due to conditions like ulcers, hemorrhoids, and certain chronic diseases, as well as pathological blood loss conditions such as hook-worm infestation, are other important factors that can lead to changes in blood constituents, which ultimately affect blood tests and can mimic or cause hemoconcentration.