Final answer:
Providing incorrect ventilation, either by too many breaths or too much volume, can result in hypercapnia or hypocapnia, affecting the body's acid-base balance and causing barotrauma and changes in hemodynamics.
Step-by-step explanation:
Complications of Incorrect Breathing Technique:
Providing too many breaths or breaths with too much volume during resuscitation or ventilatory support can lead to various complications. When a person experiences an increased rate and depth of ventilation, known as hyperpnea, it is typically a response to higher oxygen demand. However, unlike hyperpnea which matches the body's needs, hyperventilation can lead to abnormally low CO2 levels (hypocapnia), having deleterious effects on the body.
Hypercapnia, or excessive CO2 in the blood, is another potential complication when alveolar ventilation is insufficient, and it can result from hypoventilation caused by drugs, lung diseases, or even voluntary breath-holding. Both hypocapnia and hypercapnia can disrupt the acid-base balance in the body and impair the function of various organ systems. Moreover, changes in respiratory compliance and resistance, such as with diseases like asthma, fibrosis, or emphysema, can further complicate the picture by trapping air in the lungs and making breathing more difficult, known as a V/Q mismatch.
In summary, too many breaths or those that are too forceful can lead to over inflation of the lungs, a condition referred to as 'barotrauma,' which may result in pneumothorax (collapsed lung) or other types of lung injury. They can also affect hemodynamics by decreasing venous return to the heart, leading to a drop in cardiac output and potentially causing low blood pressure (hypotension).