Final answer:
Refractory ascites requires more invasive interventions such as TIPS or liver transplantation. These treatments aim to improve symptoms and reduce fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity.
Step-by-step explanation:
Refractory ascites refers to ascites that does not respond to standard medical treatments. In such cases, more invasive interventions may be necessary to manage the condition and improve the patient's quality of life. One option is the placement of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), which creates a passageway within the liver to divert blood flow and reduce the pressure on the portal vein. TIPS can help alleviate symptoms and decrease fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity. Another option is liver transplantation, which is considered in cases where the liver is severely damaged and traditional therapies are ineffective.