Final answer:
Abnormal flow characteristics: Dist anastomosis relates to medical conditions affecting blood flow through the cardiovascular system, such as coarctation of the aorta and patent ductus arteriosus. Aortic coarctation leads to increased afterload, while patent ductus arteriosus allows abnormal blood flow between aorta and pulmonary artery. Treatment involves surgery, angioplasty, or pharmaceutical interventions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term Abnormal flow characteristics: Dist anastomosis refers to disturbances in the blood flow due to problematic anastomoses or connections between blood vessels. In medical conditions like coarctation of the aorta, where there is a congenital abnormal narrowing of the aorta at the ligamentum arteriosum site, blood flow is drastically restricted, which can be life-threatening. Anastomosis helps in blood circulation even if there's partial blockage in another branch. Aortic coarctation increases the afterload force on the ventricles, compelling the heart to pump harder against the narrowed aorta resistance. Another related condition is patent ductus arteriosus, a congenital defect where the ductus arteriosus fails to close post-birth, allowing blood to flow from the aorta into the pulmonary artery, which may lead to congestive heart failure if untreated. Treatments for these conditions range from surgery, angioplasty, and in the case of patent ductus arteriosus, potentially using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Such cardiovascular surgeries ideally should be performed early for better survival rates.