Final answer:
Hyperthyroidism is caused by antibodies that stimulate thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors on follicular cells of the thyroid, leading to excessive production of thyroid hormones. Graves' disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, with a higher prevalence in females.
Step-by-step explanation:
Hyperthyroidism is caused by circulating antibodies that stimulate thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors on follicular cells of the thyroid and cause deregulated production of thyroid hormones. These antibodies are also known as thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) or TSH-receptor antibodies. They mimic the action of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and result in overstimulation of the thyroid gland, leading to the excessive production of thyroid hormones.
Graves' disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in the United States, and it is characterized by the production of TSI. The female-to-male ratio for Graves' disease is approximately 5:1, meaning that it is more commonly seen in females.
It is important to note that while this information is generally accurate, individual cases may vary. Consulting with a healthcare professional is always recommended for an accurate diagnosis and treatment.