Final answer:
The question relates to the medical condition of kidney stones, indicated by symptoms such as flank pain, hematuria, and pyelonephritis. Kidney stones can obstruct the urinary tract, causing severe pain and other issues that require medical intervention.
Step-by-step explanation:
The subject matter of the question relates to the medical condition commonly known as kidney stones or renal calculi. The presence of flank pain, hematuria (blood in urine), pyelonephritis (kidney infection), previous stone passage, moderate to severe renal pain, nausea and vomiting (n/v), and costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness are characteristic symptoms associated with kidney stones. Kidney stones can range in size and impact, causing various symptoms. They are formed when substances like calcium, oxalate, and uric acid crystallize in the kidneys. When they grow to a size that obstructs the urinary tract, symptoms such as severe pain, commonly referred to as renal colic, can occur. This pain is often felt in the flank, lower abdomen, and groin. It's crucial for those experiencing such symptoms to seek medical advice to diagnose and treat the condition properly, which may include pain management, medical therapy, or surgical intervention depending on the severity.