Final answer:
Colorectal carcinoma arising from pre-existing benign adenoma is the most common malignancy after proctocolectomy in patients with familial polypoisis and requires endoscopic surveillance.
Step-by-step explanation:
The most common malignancy after proctocolectomy in patients with familial polypoisis, and that requires endoscopic surveillance, is colorectal carcinoma that arises from pre-existing benign adenoma.
Colorectal cancer is a deadly malignancy that typically arises from benign mucosal growths called polyps. This is why identifying and removing these polyps before they become malignant is crucial in cancer prevention. Endoscopic surveillance, such as colonoscopy, allows for the identification and removal of precancerous polyps.
Regular screening for colorectal cancer, including endoscopic surveillance, is recommended for individuals over 50 years of age.