Final answer:
Some causative agents of esophageal strictures include acid reflux, Heliobacter pylori infection, tobacco smoke and bile acids, and estrogen.
Step-by-step explanation:
The causative agents of esophageal strictures can vary, but some common causes include:
- Acid reflux: When the acidic contents of the stomach flow back into the esophagus, it can cause inflammation and scarring, leading to strictures.
- Heliobacter pylori infection: This bacterium can cause chronic gastritis, which may lead to the development of strictures.
- Tobacco smoke and bile acids: Deoxycholic acid (DCA) or lithocholic acid (LCA) found in tobacco smoke and bile acids can contribute to the formation of strictures.
- Estrogen: Estrogen can affect the elasticity of the esophageal tissues, increasing the risk of developing strictures.