Final answer:
Complications of esophageal reflux requiring surgery can include esophageal ulcers, esophageal stricture, and Barrett's esophagus. These complications may occur when GERD is not well-controlled or treated effectively.
Step-by-step explanation:
Complications of esophageal reflux requiring surgery can occur when gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is not well-controlled or treated. Some of the complications that may require surgery include:
- Esophageal ulcers: GERD can cause the lining of the esophagus to become damaged and form ulcers. If these ulcers are severe or do not heal with medication, surgery may be needed to remove the damaged tissue and prevent further complications.
- Esophageal stricture: Chronic acid reflux can lead to the narrowing of the esophagus, known as a stricture. If the stricture is causing difficulty swallowing or leading to food getting stuck in the esophagus, surgery may be necessary to widen the narrowed area.
- Barrett's esophagus: In some cases, chronic GERD can cause a condition called Barrett's esophagus, where the lining of the esophagus undergoes changes that may increase the risk of developing esophageal cancer. If Barrett's esophagus is detected, surgery may be recommended to remove the abnormal tissue and reduce the risk of cancer.