Question

_______of the gallbladder is complete obstruction of the cystic duct by gallstone and filling of the gallbladder with fluid.

Answer 1

Gallbladder obstruction is a condition caused by the complete obstruction of the cystic duct by a gallstone, leading to the filling of the gallbladder with fluid. This obstruction prevents the excretion of bile, resulting in the backup of bile pigment and jaundice.

Step-by-step explanation:

Gallstones are solid particles that form in the gallbladder when a large amount of cholesterol accumulates. When a gallstone completely obstructs the cystic duct and fills the gallbladder with fluid, it causes a condition known as gallbladder obstruction. This obstruction prevents the bile from being excreted, leading to the backup of bile pigment into the liver and bloodstream, resulting in jaundice.

Gallbladder obstruction occurs when the normal flow of bile from the gallbladder is impeded. This obstruction can be caused by various factors, leading to symptoms and potential complications. The gallbladder is a small organ located beneath the liver, and its primary function is to store bile produced by the liver. Bile is released from the gallbladder into the small intestine to aid in the digestion of fats.

Common causes of gallbladder obstruction include:

Gallstones: The most frequent cause of gallbladder obstruction is the formation of gallstones. Gallstones are solid particles that form in the gallbladder, often due to an imbalance in the substances that make up bile (such as cholesterol and bilirubin). Gallstones can block the normal flow of bile, causing pain and other symptoms.

Inflammation: Inflammation of the gallbladder, known as cholecystitis, can result in swelling and can also cause obstruction. This inflammation can be acute or chronic and may be associated with gallstones or occur independently.

Tumors: Tumors in or near the gallbladder can obstruct the flow of bile. These tumors may be benign or malignant.

Bile duct issues: Conditions affecting the bile ducts, such as strictures or narrowing, can lead to obstruction of bile flow. This can be caused by inflammation, scarring, or other structural abnormalities.

Symptoms of gallbladder obstruction may include:

Severe abdominal pain, particularly in the upper right abdomen

Nausea and vomiting

Fever and chills (if there is inflammation)

Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)

Clay-colored stools

Dark urine

Abdominal tenderness

Complications of gallbladder obstruction can include infection, pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas), and, in severe cases, gangrene of the gallbladder.

Answer 2

The condition referred to in the question is acute cholecystitis.

Step-by-step explanation:

Acute cholecystitis is characterized by the complete obstruction of the cystic duct by a gallstone, leading to the accumulation of fluid in the gallbladder. This obstruction causes inflammation and distension of the gallbladder, which can be a painful and potentially serious medical condition.

The gallbladder serves as a storage reservoir for bile produced by the liver. Bile is essential for the digestion of fats in the small intestine. When a gallstone obstructs the cystic duct, bile cannot flow out of the gallbladder, causing an increase in pressure. The accumulation of fluid in the gallbladder results in distension, inflammation, and, in severe cases, infection. Patients with acute cholecystitis may experience symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever.

Prompt medical attention is crucial for individuals with acute cholecystitis. Treatment may involve pain management, antibiotics, and in some cases, surgical removal of the gallbladder (cholecystectomy). Understanding the pathophysiology of acute cholecystitis is essential for healthcare professionals to provide accurate diagnosis and appropriate interventions for patients suffering from this condition.