Final answer:
The term for the donation of a patient's own blood for upcoming surgery is autologous blood transfusion, which reduces the risk of complications and is a safe method to have an adequate blood supply during surgery.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term for donation of a patient's own blood for an upcoming surgery is called autologous blood transfusion. This process involves the patient donating their own blood prior to the surgery, which is then used during or after the surgical procedure if necessary. The use of one's own blood reduces the risk of transfusion-related complications, such as infections and immune reactions. It is a safe and effective method to ensure that patients undergoing surgery have an adequate supply of blood without the need for donor blood, which may not always be readily available.
Related to the practice of autologous transfusion, blood doping is another use of autologous (or homologous) blood transfusions, where athletes inject supplemental red blood cells (RBCs) to enhance their performance. However, unlike autologous blood transfusion for medical purposes, blood doping is illegal in sports due to associated health risks and the unfair competitive advantage it provides.