Final answer:
The correct nursing diagnosis for a patient on aminoglycoside therapy is 'Risk for injury (renal damage)' due to the potential nephrotoxic effects of these antibiotics.
Step-by-step explanation:
The appropriate nursing diagnosis for a patient who has started aminoglycoside therapy is b. Risk for injury (renal damage). Aminoglycosides are a class of antibiotics known to potentially cause nephrotoxicity, which is the toxicity in the kidneys. It is imperative for nurses to monitor the patient's renal function through serum creatinine levels and other appropriate lab tests. The nurse must also ensure the patient is adequately hydrated to minimize the risk of nephrotoxic effects.