Final answer:
Factions can trample the rules of justice by creating tax laws that benefit their interests over the general public good, often leading to unequal tax burdens. Historical contexts, like colonial American resistance to British taxation without representation, highlight the ongoing struggle for fair tax policy. The fairness of taxation remains a critical issue in political and social debates.
Step-by-step explanation:
Factions can trample the rules of justice in regard to taxing by using their influence to create taxes that disproportionately benefit one group over another. When legislators act as both judges and interested parties, they may enact laws that serve their own interests or that of their faction rather than the public good.
The historical context of this problem is evident in the debate during the American colonial period when colonists argued against British taxation policies. These policies were viewed as unfair because the colonists had no representation in Parliament and thus could not vote on the taxes imposed on them. Furthermore, the Vice-Admiralty courts that enforced the revenue laws were seen as violating the colonists' rights, since they excluded juries and shifted the burden of proof onto the defendants.
Tax fairness has been a persistent issue throughout history, from the Han dynasty to modern debates. Even the formation of the United States saw tension over tax policy, as seen in the resistance to the whiskey tax which led to George Washington's enforcement action in western Pennsylvania. The theme of fairness and representation in tax law continues to shape the dialogue around modern tax codes.