Final answer:
Acts that have discriminatory effects without intentional bias are referred to as disparate impact, which contrasts with intentional acts of discrimination known as disparate treatment. Disparate impact refers to neutral policies that disproportionately affect protected groups while quid pro quo and hostile work environment are specific types of sexual harassment.
Step-by-step explanation:
Acts that have a discriminatory effect are referred to as disparate impact. Disparate impact occurs when policies, practices, rules, or other systems that appear to be neutral result in a disproportionate impact on a protected group. Unlike disparate treatment, which is a deliberate act of discrimination, disparate impact is not intentional but rather involves employment practices that adversely affect individuals in a protected group more than others, despite intentions.
Quid pro quo and hostile work environment are types of sexual harassment. Quid pro quo refers to situations where employment benefits are contingent on the submission to sexual advances or conduct, and hostile work environment entails unwelcome conduct that creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive work environment. These are specific to the context of sexual harassment, whereas disparate impact can apply broadly to various types of discrimination including race, gender, age, or disability.