Final answer:
Cervical dysplasia refers to precancerous changes in the cervical cells, often caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Cervical cancer can develop from these changes if the cells begin to grow uncontrollably. Diagnosis is generally made through a Pap smear and can be confirmed with a biopsy.
Step-by-step explanation:
Cervical dysplasia is the presence of precancerous changes in the cells that make up the inner lining of the cervix. Research has confirmed that these changes are most often caused by a sexually transmitted infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). Cervical cancer itself occurs when these abnormal cells grow uncontrollably and develop the ability to invade nearby tissues, or spread to other parts of the body. HPV is a sexually transmitted virus with over 100 related viruses in its family. It is known to affect the cervix's cell division, and when HPV is present, it allows cervical cells with mutations to divide uncontrollably, leading to uncontrolled growth and potentially the formation of a tumor. Cervical cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in females worldwide. Early on, it may present no symptoms, but as it progresses, symptoms such as abnormal vaginal bleeding and pain may occur. Diagnosis of cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer is typically made by a Pap smear, which involves examining a scrape of cervical cells under a microscope. If cancerous cells are detected or suspected, a biopsy is usually performed to confirm the existence of abnormal cells.