Final answer:
Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat gram-negative bacterial infections, and it can cause nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity as significant adverse effects.
Step-by-step explanation:
Gentamicin is an antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, particularly those caused by gram-negative organisms. It belongs to a class of antibiotics known as aminoglycosides, which also includes drugs like streptomycin and tobramycin. Gentamicin works by binding to components of bacterial ribosomes, thus inhibiting protein synthesis and ultimately causing cell death. One important adverse effect of gentamicin to be aware of is its potential for nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Nephrotoxicity refers to kidney damage, which can result in decreased kidney function and, in severe cases, acute kidney injury. Ototoxicity refers to damage to the ears, which can cause hearing loss and balance disorders. These side effects are associated with higher doses or prolonged use of gentamicin. Healthcare providers must monitor kidney function and hearing during treatment with gentamicin to prevent and manage these adverse effects.