Final answer:
The intervertebral disc, made up of the anulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus, allows for spinal flexibility. Damage to the anulus fibrosus can result in a herniated disc, leading to pain and muscle weakness due to nerve compression.
Step-by-step explanation:
The intervertebral disc serves as padding between adjacent vertebrae in the spine, allowing for flexibility and movement while also providing strong attachments. These discs are composed of two parts: the anulus fibrosus, a tough outer layer, and the nucleus pulposus, a gel-like center with high water content that resists compression. When the anulus fibrosus becomes weakened or disrupted, it can lead to the nucleus pulposus protruding into the spinal canal, resulting in a condition known as a herniated disc. This can compress spinal nerves, causing pain and muscle weakness in the affected areas.
A herniated disc is a medical condition that can have a significant impact on an individual's health, potentially resulting in decreased mobility and chronic pain. The progressive decline in the water content of the nucleus pulposus with age contributes to a thinner disc, possibly leading to reduced flexibility and issues like a herniated disc. Understanding the anatomy and composition of these discs is essential in the fields of medicine and healthcare.