Final answer:
The Security Rule applies specifically to health plans, health care clearinghouses, and health care providers who electronically transmit health information, requiring safeguards for the protection of electronic personal health information.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Security Rule is a component of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) that establishes national standards to protect individuals' electronic personal health information that is created, received, used, or maintained by a covered entity. The Security Rule applies to health plans, health care clearinghouses, and to any health care provider who transmits health information in electronic form in connection with a transaction for which the Department of Health and Human Services has adopted standards. This includes but is not limited to hospitals, doctors, clinics, psychologists, dentists, chiropractors, nursing homes, and pharmacies. The rule requires appropriate administrative, physical, and technical safeguards to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and security of electronic protected health information.
As per the context provided, other entities such as individual people, businesses, utility companies, schools and universities, governments (local, state, and national), though they can be affected by the broader HIPAA regulations, are not directly subject to the Security Rule unless they function as a covered entity or a business associate conducting certain health care transactions electronically.