Final answer:
The question relates to health aspects of heart rates and body temperature, with a focus on conditions like bradycardia and hypothermia, as well as the physiological ranges for resting and maximum heart rates throughout various stages of life, including for newborns and athletes.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding heart-related health indicators is important in assessing cardiac function and overall well-being. An adult's normal resting heart rate (HR) typically ranges between 60-100 beats per minute (bpm). Different states of heart rates such as bradycardia, where HR drops below 60 bpm, and tachycardia, where HR surpasses 100 bpm, can indicate varying levels of cardiovascular health or stress. Additionally, body temperature plays a vital role, affecting heart rate and strength of contractions. Hypothermia (<36.5°C) can slow heart contractions significantly and may result in cessation of the heartbeat in severe cases, while hyperthermia increases HR and contraction strength. Monitoring a patient's heart rate and temperature is critical, especially during medical procedures like open heart surgery or when assessing newborns using the Apgar score, where HR is a critical criterion.
HR can increase significantly during exercise, and top athletes can have a resting cardiac output (CO) 7-8 times higher than normal due to their fitness levels. HR varies with age, with newborns typically having a resting HR of about 120 bpm, which decreases until young adulthood before gradually increasing with age. The maximum HR also decreases with age, and it can be estimated by subtracting the person's age from 220 bpm. This physiological understanding is crucial in health scenarios and treatment strategies.