Question

When assessing an unresponsive diabetic patient, the primary visible difference between hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia is the:

1) patient's mental status.
2) rate of the patient's pulse.
3) presence of a medical identification tag.
4) rate and depth of breathing.

Answer 1

The primary visible difference between hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia in an unresponsive diabetic patient is the rate and depth of breathing, with hypoglycemia possibly causing rapid breathing and hyperglycemia leading to deep, labored breathing known as Kussmaul respiration.

Step-by-step explanation:

When assessing an unresponsive diabetic patient, the primary visible difference between hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia is the rate and depth of breathing. Hypoglycemia, a state of low blood sugar, may present with rapid breathing as the body attempts to correct the metabolic imbalance. Conversely, hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar, can lead to a condition called ketoacidosis, where the breathing may be deep and labored, a pattern known as Kussmaul respiration.

During insulin therapy, hypoglycemia can occur if the insulin dose is too high, necessitating a reduction in dosage. In cases of renal dysfunction, hypoglycemia may be observed due to non-reabsorption of glucose, while in total renal failure, relative hyperglycemia can occur. The diagnosis and management of diabetes involve evaluating the blood glucose levels and may include glucose or insulin tolerance tests to assess the body's response.