Final answer:
Scapular elevation during a pulling assessment typically indicates overactivity in the upper trapezius, levator scapulae, and sternocleidomastoid muscles.
Step-by-step explanation:
When observing scapular elevation during a pulling assessment, the muscles that are often overactive are the upper trapezius, levator scapulae, and the sternocleidomastoid.
These muscles contribute to the lifting motion of the scapulae (shoulder blades). An overactivity in these muscles can be a result of muscular imbalances, often due to poor posture, lack of muscle strength or flexibility in the opposing muscles, such as the lower trapezius and serratus anterior, stress, or repetitive movement patterns.
To address and correct these issues, a combination of stretching the overactive muscles, and strengthening the underactive or weak antagonist muscles is commonly recommended. This can help improve muscle balance and function, and reduce the potential for injury.