Final answer:
Ulcerative colitis affects the colon and rectum, which are parts of the lower GI tract. It is characterized by inflammation and ulceration, and its exact cause involves multiple factors including genetics and lifestyle.
Step-by-step explanation:
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease that specifically affects the colon and rectum, which are part of the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This condition is characterized by inflammation and the formation of ulcers within the innermost lining of these areas. Symptoms typically include lower abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea, with possible weight loss, fever, and anemia. Ulcerative colitis is also associated with an increased risk of colon cancer, necessitating more frequent screenings.
Unlike Crohn's disease, which can impact any part of the GI tract from the mouth to the anus, ulcerative colitis predominantly remains confined to the colon and rectum. The exact cause of UC is not fully understood, but it involves factors such as immune system dysfunction, genetics, gut bacteria, and lifestyle factors. Treatment may include medications to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system, and in severe cases, surgery may be necessary.